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Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

This happens in the mitochondrial matrix

This delicate interaction, which is referred to as the "polyphenols-polysaccharides-gut microbiota" axis, highlights a potential area for targeted dietary intervention strategies (Jia et al., 2024)

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one prospective factor contributing, as they have the ability to regulate blood pressure via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Yang et al., 2015)

In addition, TMAO induced myocardial inflammation, which may lead to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in western diet-induced obese mice (97)