glutathione s-transferase alpha 4 transferases as mediators of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and cell death Human GSTα4 (Glutathione S Transferase

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Abbreviations ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity AhR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor AIF: Apoptosis-inducing factor Akt/mTORC1: Protein kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 AKT1: Protein kinase B Alpha (also known as PKB or Akt1) ALI: Acute lung injury AMPK: AMP-Activated protein kinase ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome AUC: Area under the curve BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage BCS: Biopharmaceutical classification system CaCC: Calcium-activated chloride channels CFTR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CLP: Cecal ligation and puncture C max : Maximum (peak) plasma concentration CNS: Central nervous system COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2 CYP2A13: Cytochrome P450 2A13 DPI: Dry powder inhaler DPLDs: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases ECM: Extracellular matrix EGCG: Epigallocatechin gallate EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition ENaC: Epithelial sodium channel ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FAK: Focal adhesion kinase FN1: Fibronectin 1 GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 GM-CSF: Granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor GSH: Glutathione HDAC: Histone deacetylase HgCl: Mercuric chloride HIA+: Human intestinal absorption positive HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha HPH: Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension HRP: Horseradish peroxidase ILDs: Interstitial lung diseases iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IPF: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis JAK1: Janus kinase 1 JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Kv1.5: Voltage-gated potassium channel subtype 1.5 LATS1: Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 LHA: Luteolin-hyaluronic acid LRTI: Lower respiratory tract infection LU-SLN: Luteolin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles M1/M2 macrophages: Macrophage polarization states MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MCT: Monocrotaline MDA: Malondialdehyde MDI: Metered dose inhaler MDM2: Mouse double minute 2 homolog miR-132: MicroRNA-132 MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin MYF: Myofibroblast NCT: National clinical trial NOX4: NADPH oxidase 4 NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension PASMCs: Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline PDGF-BB: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB PEA: Palmitoylethanolamide PEG: Poly(ethylene glycol) PF: Pulmonary fibrosis PFT: Pulmonary function test PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Polyluteolin: Polymerized luteolin PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma RTKs: Receptor tyrosine kinases siRNA: Small interfering RNA SIRT6: Sirtuin 6 SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticle Smad: Small mothers against decapentaplegic SMEDDS: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system SOD: Superoxide dismutase STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 STRING: Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins TAM: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (a subfamily of RTKs) TCA: Tricarboxylic acid (cycle) TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine TGF-1: Transforming growth factor beta 1 TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4 T max : Time to reach maximum concentration TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor alpha Treg: Regulatory T cells TRPV1: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ZBP1: Z-DNA binding protein 1 -CD: Gamma-cyclodextrin References Vithalkar MP, Sandra KS, Bharath HB, Krishnaprasad B, Fayaz SM, Sathyanarayana B et al (2025) Network pharmacology-driven therapeutic interventions for interstitial lung diseases using traditional medicines: a narrative review

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855 Analysis of the datasets GSE51588 and GSE55457 revealed that phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and LPCAT3 may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for OA and could aid in its diagnosis and treatment

Are growth factors the answer

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