l carnitine protein synthesis L-carnitine biosynthesis. L-carnitine can be partly provided by an Biosynthesis of L-Carnitine from lysine

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Sevilla A, Vera J, Daz Z, Cnovas M, Torres NV, Iborra JL: Design of metabolic engineering strategies for maximizing L(-)-carnitine production by Escherichia coli

Am J Kidney Dis 60:10021011

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Moreover, considering that carnitine metabolism produces TMAO, which has been recently recognized as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the use of uncontrolled amounts of carnitine as dietary supplements must be carefully reviewed. "Since carnitine is often used by athletes with no clear understanding of its effects and risks, it becomes critical to provide information about the characteristics of this compound and its probable harmful effects on health," the researchers said

For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more research to clarify these contradictions and identify the appropriate way to supplement with l-C acutely