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Conversely, it stimulates the oligomerization of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to the formation of the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) pore, which facilitates the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm (Liu et al., 2025)

Nature 579 , 427432 (2020)

FIGURE 2 On the other hand, in addition to its well-known functions, PGC1, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, positively regulates mitophagy by directly inducing the expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) that mediates lysosomal biogenesis (Settembre et al., 2011)

there were stable levels of HO-1 in control (low and high IOP groups), but significant elevation in the low IOP ALA treatment group (p = 0.04)

High InsR/IGF-IR ratios are associated with resistance to IGF-IR inhibition in human breast cancer cells [168]

Quantifying PZQ treatment failures within the context of confounding factors are discussed in the following section ( Figure 5 )