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TNF-alpha acts via p38 MAPK to stimulate expression of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx in skeletal muscle

it enables cells to cope with various forms of stress (e.g., nutrient deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pathogen infection, and hypoxia) and is considered a survival mechanism 5

He, S., Fontaine, A

Therefore, cancer cells not only use FAO to oxidize fatty acids and to derive energy by mitochondria but they also use acetyl-CoA to endogenously synthesize fatty acids in the cytosol using NADPH as key cofactor for anabolic enzymes (Koundouros and Poulogiannis, 2020)

Acknowledgments The authors thank the staff at Womens Hospital, Zhejiang University, for the technical assistance and facility support

Here we investigated the ability of Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) to interfere with key functional properties of prostate cancer progression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and identified target molecules modulated by ALCAR