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Thirty rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, and M-SYFSF treatment groups (n = 10/group)

Normalization of Dyrk1A expression by AAV2/1-shDyrk1A attenuates hippocampal-dependent defects in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome

As a mitochondrial enhancer, LCLT supports the transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, where they are oxidized to produce energy

Intravenous administration would overcome these problems, as it allows instant circulation of the precursors rather than initial metabolism by the gut microbiota and liver

Clearly, these limitations need to be addressed, together with Mendelian randomization, 395,396 to draw firm conclusions on the causal relationship between the intervention and the measured clinical outcome

The latter enters the TCA cycle, where NADH is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3), -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), and malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) (56, 106) (Fig