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c-Myc directly activates the genes involved in nucleotide synthesis, including thymidylate synthase for pyrimidine metabolism, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 for purine metabolism, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase 2 for the production of PRPP, which is a common precursor for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides

Abbreviations OP: Osteoporosis LPS: Lipopolysaccharide SOD: Superoxide dismutase Maf: Minor allele frequency Bzip: Basic leucine zipper ARE: Antioxidant response element ERK: Extracellular regulated protein kinases JNK: C-hJun N-terminal kinase MMP-9: Matrix metalloprotein-9 NQO 1: NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 MTX: Methotrexate DHS: Dihydroxystilbene FOXO: Forkhead box O FA: Ferulic acid GWAS: Genome-wide association study MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells Cytc: Cytochrome c TGF-1: Transforming growth factor beta 1 OB: Osteoblast ScFv: Single-chain variable fragment KD: Knockdown KO: Knockout CKD: Chronic kidney disease CDDO: 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid PTH: Parathyroid hormone DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry IL: Interleukin GC: Glucocorticoid RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand ROOH: Hydroperoxides OH: Hydroxyl radical COX: Cyclooxygenase SMAF: Small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma RUNX2: Runt-related transcription factor 2 CHD6: Chromo-ATPase/helicase DNA-binding protein GCLC: Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic AIF: Apoptosis inducing factors NTR: N-terminal region ChIP-qPCR: Chromatin immunoprecipitation PGC-1: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor- Coactivator 1 BMSCs: Bone marrow stromal cells mCAT: Mitochondrial catalase SA: Sphaeropsidin-A DHS: Trans-4, 4-dihydroxystilbene BMDMs: Bone marrow-derived macrophages DFO: Deferoxamine GSK-3beta: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta UGTs: UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase GST: Glutathione S-transferases COX2: Cyclooxygenase-2 WT: Wild type OVX: Ovariectomy TRAP: Triiodothyronine receptor auxiliary protein IKKs: IB kinases HFE: Homeostatic iron regulator DFO: Deferoxamine c-FMS: Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor DLG: Discs-large BTB: Bric--Brac Cul3: Cullin 3 ALP: Alkaline phosphatase CatK: Cathepsin K SA: Sphaeropsidin OC: Osteoclast CT: Calcitonin SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphisms Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 CTR: C-terminal domain MAFbx: Muscle-specific ubiquitin ligasesatrophy F-box BMD: Bone mineral density CPG: Clinical practice guideline TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- ROS: Reactive oxygen species H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase OPG: Osteoprotegerin PI3K/AKT: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ Ak strain transforming HSCs: Hematopoietic stem cells -TrCP: Beta-transducin repeats-containing protein VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor NFATc1: Nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 MMP-9: Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa B iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase MuRF1: Muscle ring finger 1 NAC: N-acetylcysteine ER: Estrogen receptor alpha SFN: Sulforaphane GCLM: Glutamate cysteine ligase modifier CK: Creatine kinase PCR: Polymerase chain reaction GWAS: Genome-wide association study References Agidigbi TS, Kim C (2019) Reactive oxygen species in osteoclast differentiation and possible pharmaceutical targets of ROS-mediated osteoclast diseases

Ameliorative effect of Lcarnitine on chronic leadinduced reproductive toxicity in male rats

Bjelakovic et al

Cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer

Research Context BPC-157 was first isolated and characterized in the early 2010s by researchers investigating potential healing properties in various biological models