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however, it can deteriorate into decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), a symptomatic stage marked by severe clinical manifestations such as ascites, variceal hemorrhage, thrombosis, and hepatic encephalopathy, ultimately leading to mortality [4,5,6]

PLoS ONE 5 , e13500 (2010)

Cloudiness after reconstitution indicates protein aggregation, contamination with particulates, or the presence of excipients that destabilize the peptide structure in solution

PMID: 18454811.

Biogenic amines in food may be beneficial to the survival of lactic acid bacteria, but foods containing a large number of biogenic amines are toxic to humans ( Lactobacillus and Enterococcus will convert tyrosine to tyramine through the action of decarboxylase and transporter TyrP ( Pediococcus pentosaceus can produce histamine in cheese ( In addition, the metabolism of amino acids is of great significance for lactic acid bacteria in order to adapt to the environment ( 3 during amino acids deamination can increase the pH value inside and outside the cell, thereby protecting the cell from acid stress ( Lentilactobacillus hilgardii , the decarboxylation reaction of histidine and tyrosine also contributes to the acid resistance of the bacteria ( Levilactobacillus brevis , Latilactobacillus curvatus, Enterococcus faecalis , Lactococcus lactis can hydrolyze agmatine into putrescine, NH 3 , CO 2 and ATP through the AgDI pathway, which increases the pH of the cytoplasm ( Streptococcus thermophilus , the metabolism of arginine relieves the decrease of intracellular pH by consuming protons and generating NH 3 ( Conversion of Other Non-nutritive and Harmful Substances in Food In the food and fermentation industry, lactic acid bacteria cant only degrade the main nutritional macromolecular substances such as polysaccharides and proteins, but also can degrade some other undesirable substances