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Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens

SERT HVA: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid, Homovanillic acid i.p.: Intraperitoneal ICV: Intracerebroventricular i.v.: Intravenous K e : Elimination constant KO: Knockout LSD: Lysergic acid diethylamide MAO: Monoamine oxidase MAOi: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor MDA: ()-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine MDEA: Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine MDMA: ()-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Ecstasy -MeDA: -Methyldopamine, 3,4-Dihydroxyamphetamine, HHA METH: Methamphetamine 4-MTA: 4-Methylthioampethamine mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA MPT: Mitochondrial permeability transition NA: Noradrenaline NAC: N-Acetylcysteine NAT: Noradrenaline transporter NMDA: N -methyl-d-aspartic acid N-Me--MeDA: N -methyl--methyldopamine, 3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine, HHMA NO : Nitric oxide radical O 2 : Superoxide anion ONOO : Peroxynitrite PET: Positron emission tomography PD: Pharmacodynamic PK: Pharmacokinetic PKC: Protein kinase C p.o.: Per os PMA: p -Methoxyamphetamine RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species s.c.: Subcutaneous -SH: Sulfhydryl SPECT: Single-photon emission computed tomography SOD: Superoxide dismutase SULT: Sulfotransferase t 1/2 : Elimination half-life TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase THC: 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol T max : Median time to maximum concentration TPH: Tryptophan hydroxylase UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UK: United Kingdom USA: United States of America VMAT: Vesicular monoamine transporter WT: Wild type References Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT, Khan IA, Walker L (2003) Ephedra in perspective-a current review