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Smokeless tobacco has also been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and heart disease

General exposure refers to the overall presence of tobacco smoke in environments frequented by the individual, such as public places, workplaces, and social settings

doi: 10.2164/jandrol.05069

Joutsa J, Moussawi K, Siddiqi SH, Abdolahi A, Drew W, Cohen AL, et al

The specific mechanisms werent directly tested in this study

doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920304.x 104 XanthouleaSDeliaertARomanoARensenSSBuurmanWAvan der HulstRR
