difference between glp 1 and sglt2 Recommendations for SGLT2i versus GLP-1 RA on the basis of kidney Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 24.Carn D, Lanaspa MA, Benner SA, Andrews P, Dudley R, Andres-Hernando A, Tolan DR, Johnson RJ

However, these hypotheses need further investigation

Indeed, liraglutide protected rat chondrocytes against IL-1 or thapsigargin-induced apoptosis

Weight loss on semaglutide is a gradual process driven by consistent appetite suppression and metabolic changes over time

For all these effects, different benefits have been attributed to DPP-4is (including improvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, endothelial function, and tissue reparation), related to renal protection and a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic clinical conditions beyond T2D, including hypertension, calcified aortic valve disease, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF) [47,68]

Although most evidence remains preclinical, the favorable safety profile of GLP-1RAs and established regulatory pathways for lipid- and PLGA-based carriers support a high potential for clinical translation [414, 415]